Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer
โฑ Theory: 2 hrs๐ Practical: 1 hrฮฃ Total: 3 hrs
Learning outcome: Computer, hardware, software, memory aur IT gadgets identify kar paoge.
1.0 Computer kya hai?
Computer ek electronic device hai jo raw data ko input leta hai, process karta hai, aur meaningful output deta hai. Data process hone ke baad information ban jata hai.
IPO Formula
Input โ Process (CPU) โ Output
Storage side me data save rakhta hai.
Storage side me data save rakhta hai.
1.1 Computers & Latest IT Gadgets
Computer types & applications
- Desktop: Office/home โ CPU + Monitor + Keyboard + Mouse. Stable power, better performance for fixed place.
- Laptop: Portable, battery + keyboard + trackpad integrated. Travel / students ke liye.
- Tablet: Touch screen, light weight, reading/media.
- Smartphone: Mobile computing + calls + apps + camera + internet.
IT Gadgets
- Smart Watch: Health tracking, notifications
- Smart TV: Internet TV, OTT apps
- GPS Tracker: Location tracking
- Pen Drive / SSD: Portable storage
- Webcam: Video calls, online classes
1.2 Hardware Basics
CPU โ Computer ka Brain
- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): + โ ร รท calculations aur logical compare (> < =)
- CU (Control Unit): Instructions control aur coordinate karta hai
- MU (Memory Unit): Temporary data store (working memory area)
Input Devices (data computer ko dete hain)
Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Touchscreen, Joystick, Webcam, Barcode reader
Output Devices (result hume milta hai)
Monitor, Printer (Inkjet/Laser), Speaker, Projector, Headphones
Memory & Storage
| Type | Examples | Power off? |
|---|---|---|
| Primary (Volatile) | RAM, Cache | Data lose |
| Secondary (Non-volatile) | HDD, SSD, Pen Drive, Memory Card, CD/DVD | Data safe |
Important difference
RAM = temporary working memory (fast).
ROM = permanent firmware type storage (boot instructions).
HDD magnetic disk; SSD flash, faster, no moving parts.
ROM = permanent firmware type storage (boot instructions).
HDD magnetic disk; SSD flash, faster, no moving parts.
Ports โ devices kaise connect hote hain
- USB: Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, Pen Drive
- HDMI / VGA: Monitor / Projector
- Audio jack: Speaker / Mic
- Ethernet: LAN cable internet
- Power port: CPU power supply
1.3 Software Basics
- Application Software: MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Browser, VLC โ specific task
- System Software: OS (Windows/Linux/macOS), Device Drivers, Utility (Antivirus, Disk Cleanup)
- Mobile Apps: Play Store / App Store se โ games, social, education
๐ Practical Lab (1 hr) โ Step-by-step
- Identify components: Lab me CPU, Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer label karo (notebook me diagram banao).
- Port identification: USB, HDMI, Ethernet, Power port dhundo aur notebook me likho.
- Connect peripherals: Keyboard + Mouse USB se, Monitor HDMI/VGA se CPU se connect karo (teacher supervision).
- Power on sequence: Monitor ON โ CPU ON โ login wait. Power off: Start โ Shut down (direct power button se force-off avoid).
- Input vs Output drill: 5 input + 5 output devices list banao aur real devices pe point karo.
- Mouse mastery: Left click, Right click, Double click, Drag & Drop practice (desktop icons rearrange).
- Storage check: This PC me C: drive capacity dekho; pen drive insert karke Explorer me dikhao.
Self-check
CPU ke 3 parts? RAM volatile kyu? Scanner input hai ya output? Application software ke 3 examples?
Model Questions (exam style)
- Computer ka IPO model explain karo.
- CPU ke teen main components likho.
- Input aur output devices ke 5-5 examples.
- RAM aur secondary storage me antar.
- Application vs System software difference + examples.